The History of Plastic Surgery

The Early Years

The history of plastic surgery began more than 4,000 years ago. Although reconstructive surgery was used in India in 800 BC, the history of plastic surgery moved very slowly for thousands of years, especially in European medicine. (Eastern medicine’s history of plastic surgery is much more lengthy, with skin grafts and reconstruction described in several books on the history of plastic surgery.)

Mankind’s essential nature entails self-improvement. Without the individual’s pursuit of learning and enlightenment, peace with his or her neighbors and more efficient means to work, progress would stop. Because human beings have always sought self-fulfillment through self-improvement, plastic surgery — improving and restoring form and function — may be one of the world’s oldest healing arts.

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New Facts In The Battle Against Cancer

There are two closely linked research areas in the fight against cancer: microtubules and epothilones. Microtubules are linear polymers of tubulin, a globular protein, that transport vesicles, chromosomes and other biological matter in cells, and epothilones are natural products that can stabilise microtubules and in turn inhibit cancer-cell growth.

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What is Organic Agriculture?

According to the national organica standards board (NOSB) of the unites states department of agriculture (USDA), organica agriculture is “an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain, or enhance ecological harmony. The primary goal of organic agriculture is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animals, and people.” (NOSB, 2003)

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Athletes In Olympic Games Are risking health to win

Recently I did read an article on BBC about what some athletes are doing to improve their results in olympic games. Some Experts say that professionals are favouring substances such as growth hormones over easily-traceable anabolic steroids, the New Scientist reports.

Many Winter Olympic competitors have taken illegal drugs at some point in their careers, experts said in Turin.

Athletics chiefs admitted many drug users were going undetected.

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Olympic Games Beijing 2008 And Your Health

The Olympic Games in Beijing will begin in August, 2008. I will make an special edition here at PharmaKnow.com with some articles about the olympic games and health in general and in the context of the sportive games. I hope you enjoy!

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Contraindications and Adverse Effects of Aspirin

Aspirin should be avoided by those known to be allergic to ibuprofen or naproxen, or to have salicylate intolerance or a more generalized drug intolerance to NSAIDs, and caution should be exercised in those with asthma or NSAID-precipitated bronchospasm. Due to its effect on the stomach lining, manufacturers recommend that patients with kidney disease, peptic ulcers, mild diabetes, gout or gastritis talk to their doctors before using aspirin. Even if none of these conditions are present, there is still an increased risk of stomach bleeding when aspirin is taken with alcohol or warfarin. Patients with hemophilia or other bleeding tendencies should not take aspirin or other salicylates.

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The Aspirin History

Medicines containing derivatives of salicylic acid, structurally similar to aspirin, have been in medical use since antiquity. Salicylate-rich willow bark extract became recognized for its specific effects on fever, pain and inflammation in the mid-eighteenth century. By the nineteenth century pharmacists were experimenting with and prescribing a variety of chemicals related to salicylic acid, the active component of willow extract.

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What is Aspirin?

Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (IPA: /əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd/) is a salicylate drug, often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an anti-inflammatory medication. It also has an antiplatelet or “anti-clotting” effect and is used in long-term, low doses to prevent heart attacks, strokes and blood clot formation in people at high risk for developing blood clots. It has also been established that low doses of aspirin may be given immediately after a heart attack to reduce the risk of another heart attack or of the death of cardiac tissue.

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The Bayer History

Bayer AG (German, pronounced [ˈbaɪə]) (ISIN: DE0005752000, TYO: 4863) is a German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in Barmen, Germany in 1863. Today it is headquartered in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is well-known for its original brand of aspirin. Bayer is currently the third largest pharmaceutical company in the world.

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Innovations And Improvements In Sun Protection

Improved research and manufacturing techniques have led to significant breakthroughs in sunscreens including better delivery systems and improved cosmetic elegance. These advances address some of the biggest issues surrounding sunscreen - UVA protection, proper application and frequency of reapplication.

“As the first independent organization to evaluate sunscreen efficacy through our Seal of Recommendation program in 1979, it’s rewarding to see the progress that has been made in sunscreens,” said Perry Robins, MD, President of The Skin Cancer Foundation. “Improved sun protection increases our chances of turning around the skin cancer epidemic in this country.”

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